Rice facts rice is the staple food of almost half of the worlds population more than 90% of worlds rice is grown and consumed in asia. In order to improve the bb resistance of two elite, traditional bbsusceptible basmati varieties taraori basmati and basmati 386, we utilized the strategy of limited markerassisted backcrossing for introgression of two major bb resistance genes, xa21 and xa, coupled with. Bacterial blight is a vascular disease resulting in a systemic infection of rice and it. The interaction between xoo and rice is governed by resistance genes in rice and correspond. Distribution except for maharashtra, where the endemic area was estimated to be about 0. Blightresistant rice lines are the most effective solution for bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Bacterial blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice. Marker assisted backcross breeding was employed to incorporate the blast resistance genes, pi2 and pi54 and bacterial blight bb resistance genes xa and xa21 into the genetic background of pusa basmati 1121 pb1121 and pusa basmati 6.
Bacterial blight of rice has high epidemic potential and is destructive to highyielding cultivars in both temperate and tropical regions especially in asia. Biological control activities of riceassociated bacillus. Bacterial panicle blight is a major disease of rice that tends to develop during hot, dry weather. Highlights this is the first report on genetic diversity of nils and pyramid lines rice in malaysia. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including effectiveness of different fungicides and antibiotics against bacterial leaf blight in rice. Broadspectrum resistance to bacterial blight in rice using genome. Potential biological control agents for two major rice diseases, sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, were isolated from rice plants in this study. Severe epidemics recorded in 1979 and 1980 in northwestern india, reducing the grain yields drastically. Bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice worldwide and is found in. Development of bacterial blight resistance versions of basmati rice. Pdf bacterial blight bb of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Pdf an overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and. However, we have started seeing some on conventional rice at rrec rice research and experiment center in observation and experimental plots. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for biocontrol of blb and to increase the.
Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in wild rice of eastern india anil kumar singh1, ekta dharmraj1, rohini nayak1, pawan kumar singh1, nagendra kumar singh2 1department of genetics and plant breeding, institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi, india. Bacterial leaf blight blb is an economically important disease of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. What it does it causes wilting of seedlings, yellowing and drying of leaves. Jalmagna is a popular deepwater rice variety with farmers of india because of its good yield under waterlogged condition. Bacterization of rice plants for control of sheath blight caused by rhizoctonia solani.
Pdf update on bacterial blight of rice researchgate. Agromorphological characterization and assessment of. Rice bacterial blight bb, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Bacteria that produced fluorescent and nonfluorescent pigment on kings medium b and showed antagonism to rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight, were found in rice fields. Modeling of bacterial leaf blight disease assessment and.
Welcom e bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice and their management muhammad ammar bagf14e216 university college of agriculture university of sargodha 2. Bacterial blight is a monsoon disease and its incidence and severity is very much influenced by rainfall, number of rainy days, and susceptibility of the cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer application. Efficacy of bacteriocinogenic strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. Materials and methods incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight of rice in pakistan three comprehensive surveys of all rice growing zones of pakistan were conducted at the mature grain stage of. The symptoms of the disease on rice plants in the seedling stage were divided into 4 types. Bacterial blight resistance xa4, xa7, xa5 and xa genes were discovered in 155 thai rice cultivars using polymerase chain reactionbased genelinked and genespecific markers and the specific allele was compared with. Bacterial blight quantitative resistance in rice oryza sativa l. Principal component analysis supported cluster analysis. Sheath blight is considered to be an important disease next to rice blast. Currently, the use of resistant rice cultivars is the most economical and effective way to combat blb. Biological control of rice bacterial blight by plant.
Bacterial blight of rice is an important disease in asia and africa. Recovery plan for xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice june 4, 20 contents page executive summary 2 contributors 4 i. Bacterial brown stripe of rice, caused by pseudomonas avenae manns is a disease that affects rice seed lings. Bacterial panicle blight of rice in arkansas fsa7580.
Foreground selection for target genes was followed by arduous phenotypic and background selection which fasttracked the recovery of recurrent parent. Diagnostic kit for rice blight resistance nature biotechnology. Why is it important bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Bacterial blight quantitative resistance in rice oryza. However, the production of rice has faced many problems and bacterial blight disease is one of the problems in rice growing. On seedlings, infected leaves turn greyish green in colour and roll up. Losses include reduced yield and milling, and losses reported in commercial rice fields vary from a trace to as high as 70 percent. Improvement of basmati rice varieties for resistance to. The main objective of this study was to combine basmati. Pdf this is a status paper on a destructive rice disease bac terial blight bb.
Bacterial blight bb, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Recently, it has also been reported from east africa. Evaluation of fungicides against rhizoctonia solani causal. Bacterial blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice oryza sativa l. Riceassociated bacteria rabs isolated from rice plants grown in the field were tested for their antagonistic activities against the rice pathogens, rhizoctonia solani and burkholderia glumae, which cause sheath blight and bacterial. An overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies for its management article pdf available in current science 7711 december 1999 with 2,216 reads how we measure reads.
Rice sheath blight is an increasing concern for rice production especially in intensified production systems. Frontiers biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice. Over 30 resistance genes, termed xa1 to xa33, have been identified in rice plants, and some, such as xa21, have been integrated into the genomes of commercial rice strains. Bacterial blight bb is a major production threat to basmati, the aromatic rice prized for its unique quality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight blb. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the major or devastating diseases of rice. Although the model system ricexanthomonas oryzae pv.
Bacterial blight bb of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Bacterial leaf blight of rice kills seedlings and destroys the leaves of older plants. In the quest for increasing rice production, man has resorted to intensive methods of rice cultivation involving highyielding susceptible cultivars with reduced genetic variability, higher plant population per unit area, high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers and staggered sowing and planting which intensified the severity of bacterial blight rice in most of the asian countries. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21. Bacterial leaf blight blb, kresek disease, and bacterial blight bb. The parents were polymorphic with respect to these genes. The fourth international conference on bacterial blight 4th icbb of rice was held in hyderabad, india on 24 december 20, and was jointly organized by the centre for cellular and molecular biology ccmb, directorate of rice research drr and the society for the advancement of rice research. Materials and methods rice nursery of highly susceptible cultivar basmati c622 was sown in the month of may.
Detection of bacterial blight resistance genes in basmati. International journal of current microbiology and applied. Breeding bb resistant rice varie ties and hybrids is the best strategy for managing the bb disease in rice 10. Paddy trials showed that genomeedited sweet promoters endow rice lines with robust, broadspectrum resistance. Bacterial blight is a destructive disease of rice causes 2050% yield losses in conducive conditions.
Pdf bacterial blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice oryza. We also wish to thank the entire staff and administration of the rice research and extension center, universityof arkansas system division. Plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf. The parent polymorphism was detected for the donor crmas 223285 and recurrent parent jalmagna with the markers pta 248, rg 6 and xa5s, r multiplex for the genes xa 21, xa and xa 5 respectively table 1. Now these tech nologies are being used to characterize the pathogen, reevaluate the ecology and epidemiology of the disease, and study hostparasite. Bacterial blight resistance genes in basmati rice with ethidium bromide, and documented by the nyxtechnik gel documentation system. There is a need to use environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. Bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice. No bacterial panicle blight bpb has been reported from commercial fields to date 728. Focus on bacterial blight of rice bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas or pw. Proceedings of the international workshop on bacterial blight of rice, 1418 march 1988 on. A total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of blb pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Phyto76n11 1260 american phytopathological society.
It is widespread throughout asia and also has been reported to occur in australia, the united states, and several rice growing countries of latin america and africa 16. In japan, the disease has caused a yield loss of as high as 20% and affected about 120,000. Lincoln mandal1, sunil kumar verma2, saugata sasmal3 and jawahar lal katara4 1department of agriculture and biotechnology, cg, india 2department of genetics and plant breeding, cars, india 3krishi vigyan kendra, igkv, india. The disease is extremely serious worldwide and has emerged as a major problem in irrigated crops in the sahel. To date, at least 41 bb resistance genes have been identified,and some of them viz. Small, green watersoaked spots develop at the tips and margins of fully developed leaves, and then expand along the veins, merge and become. Use of chemicals is an important part of plant disease management.
Bacteria multiply in the spots expand along the veins, merge, and become. A novel resistance gene for bacterial blight in rice, xa43t identified. Influence of various fungicides on the management of rice. Rice panicle blight and its impact in 2010 and 2011. Significant variations among morphological traits were observed. The healthy seeds were placed in the form of heaps on the gunny bags and water was sprayed on the. Symptoms and ecology of bacterial brown stripe of rice jircas. Bacterial blight of bean xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Pyramiding of three bacterial blight resistance genes for. Decision tools for bacterial blight resistance gene deployment in rice. Metabolomic profiling of bacterial leaf blight in rice.
Bacterial leaf blight blb of rice, caused by the xanthomonas oryzae pv. The mostcommon method of defending against rice bacterial blight is the cultivation of rice varieties with genes that confer resistance to xoo infection. However, the variety is highly susceptible to bacterial blight bb disease. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is one of the most caustic diseases of rice throughout the world. A fulldiallel mating design involving three resistant and three susceptible rice cultivars. In vivo evaluation of fungicides against the rhizoctonia solani the field trials were conducted in a randomized block design rbd with three replications and plot size of 5. Pdf an overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies. Searching for and analysis of bacterial blight resistance. Management of bacterial leaf blight of rice agropedia.
Fortyone rice genotypes including bacterial blight resistant were collected to evaluate diversity. It was first found in japan in 1884 1885, and research on the disease was commenced as early as in 1901. The earlier the disease occurs, the higher the yield loss. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. Bacterial panicle blight of rice burkholderia glumae and burkholderia gladioli severin yabuchi, et al. Magnaporthe grisea, also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, and johnson spot, is a plantpathogenic fungus that causes a serious disease affecting rice. The disease is observed in both seedlings and older plants. Bacterial panicle blight first identified as a disease of rice in japan in 1956 grain rotting and seedling blight first identified disease in the u.
Yield loss due to bacterial blight can be as much as 70% when susceptible varieties are grown, in environments favorable to the disease. It was first noticed by the farmers in fukuoka prefecture kyushu island, japan, as early as in 188485. The development of resistant cultivars has been the most effective and economical strategy to control the disease under deepwater situation. The fourth international conference on bacterial blight 4th icbb of rice was held in hyderabad, india on 24 december 20, and was jointly organized by the centre for cellular and molecular biology ccmb, directorate of rice research drr and. Pdf on jan 17, 2019, samuel chukwu and others published bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice.
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